Undergoing surgery can be a transformative experience, leading to improved health and quality of life. However, the risk of post-surgical infections and complications can be a concern for both patients and healthcare providers. Taking proactive steps before, during and after surgery can significantly reduce the chances of these complications and contribute to a smooth recovery.

Here’s how you can prevent post-surgical infections and complications:

1. Carefully follow pre-surgery instructions.

The preparation for surgery begins long before the operating room. Your healthcare provider will give you specific instructions to help prevent infections. This could include:

• Keeping proper hygiene: Shower with an antimicrobial/antibacterial soap or use antiseptic wipes to cleanse your skin before surgery reduces bacteria on the skin’s surface.
• Avoiding certain foods or medications: You might be asked to stop taking medications, such as blood thinners, before surgery to reduce bleeding risks. Certain foods may also interfere with anesthesia or the healing process.
• Quitting smoking: Smoking can impair wound healing and increase the risk of infection. It’s best to quit smoking weeks before your surgery, as even short-term cessation can improve recovery outcomes.

2. Maintain proper wound care.

Proper wound care after surgery is essential to prevent infection. Here are some tips to follow:

• Keep the wound clean and dry: Follow your surgeon’s instructions on how to clean and dress the wound. Some wounds may require special care, such as drainage management, to prevent bacterial buildup.
• Avoid touching the wound unnecessarily: Wash your hands thoroughly before touching your surgical site or changing dressings.
• Watch for signs of infection: Look for symptoms like increased redness, warmth, swelling or discharge around the incision site. Fever or chills may also indicate an infection. Contact your healthcare provider immediately if you notice any of these signs.

4. Use antibiotics as prescribed.

In some cases, antibiotics may be prescribed to prevent infection, especially if you have a higher risk of developing one. It's essential to take the full course of antibiotics as prescribed, even if you feel fine. Stopping antibiotics prematurely may allow harmful bacteria to grow and cause an infection.

5. Promote healing through proper nutrition.

Your body needs nutrients to heal properly after surgery. A balanced diet rich in vitamins, minerals and proteins can strengthen your immune system and accelerate recovery. Focus on foods like:

• Lean proteins: Chicken, fish and plant-based proteins are essential for tissue repair.
• Vitamin C-rich foods: Citrus fruits, strawberries and bell peppers can boost your immune system.
• Zinc: Found in nuts, seeds and whole grains, zinc supports wound healing.

6. Stay active (as recommended by your doctor).

While rest is vital, appropriate movement after surgery can enhance circulation, prevent blood clots and promote overall healing. Discuss with your doctor when you can start light activities like walking or gentle stretching. Physical therapy may also be recommended to speed recovery and reduce complications like stiffness or muscle weakness.

7. Monitor and manage pain effectively.

Uncontrolled pain after surgery can impede recovery and increase the risk of complications. Follow your healthcare provider’s instructions on managing pain, including taking prescribed medications and using ice packs or natural pain relief strategies. Proper pain management can make you feel more comfortable and less stressed, which can positively impact your immune function.

8. Stay hydrated.

Staying hydrated helps prevent complications like blood clots and urinary tract infections (UTIs), which can occur post-surgery. Drink plenty of fluids unless otherwise advised by your healthcare provider, as proper hydration supports healing and helps remove toxins from the body.

9. Avoid infections through vaccination.

If you are planning to have surgery, it may be beneficial to get vaccinated against preventable diseases. For instance, a flu shot or a pneumococcal vaccine may be recommended if you are having a major surgery or are at higher risk for complications. These vaccines can reduce the likelihood of post-surgical infections that could complicate recovery.

10. Be aware of your health history.

Certain pre-existing conditions, such as diabetes, obesity or immune system disorders, can increase the risk of post-surgical infections and complications. It’s essential to inform your surgeon about your full medical history and any chronic conditions you may have. This information helps the healthcare team take extra precautions to prevent infections and provide the best care possible during and after surgery.

Preventing post-surgical infections and complications requires collaboration between you and your healthcare team. By following pre-surgical instructions, maintaining proper wound care, using prescribed medications, promoting good nutrition and staying active, you can reduce your risk and ensure a smoother recovery. If you have any concerns during the recovery process, don’t hesitate to contact your healthcare provider for guidance.