PCOS: What it is, common signs and how to get answers 

If you're constantly tired, dealing with acne that won’t go away, skipping periods or just feeling like your body isn’t working the way it used to — you’re not alone. These aren’t “just part of being a woman” or something you must push through.

One possible reason? PCOS, or polycystic ovary syndrome, is a condition that affects millions of women but is still widely misunderstood or overlooked.

So, what is PCOS exactly?

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a hormone condition that affects how the ovaries function. The name can be misleading — it’s not just about having “cysts.” What’s happening is that your body is producing more androgens (male hormones) than it should. This hormonal imbalance can interfere with ovulation and cause a ripple effect across your whole system.

Even though it’s one of the most common hormonal conditions in women of reproductive age, many go undiagnosed for years. That’s because PCOS can look different for everyone. Some women have irregular periods. Others gain weight without an apparent reason. And some may not notice anything until they’re trying to get pregnant and can’t.

Signs and symptoms to watch for

PCOS isn’t one-size-fits-all. Some women have just one or two symptoms; others may have several. The most common ones include:

• Irregular or missed periods: You might go months without a cycle or have extremely heavy bleeding when it does come.
• Acne and oily skin: Especially along the jawline or chin, and it doesn’t always respond to typical treatments.
• Thinning hair or hair loss: Often at the crown of the head, similar to male-pattern baldness.
• Unwanted hair growth: On areas like the face, chest or stomach.
• Weight gain or difficulty losing weight: Particularly around the midsection, often linked to insulin resistance.
• Fatigue and low energy: You may feel drained or foggy even with enough sleep.
• Dark patches of skin: Often on the neck, underarms or groin area.
• Mood changes: Including anxiety, depression or irritability.

If you’ve noticed any of these, it’s worth asking about PCOS.

What causes PCOS?

There’s no single cause of PCOS, but we do know that insulin resistance plays a significant role. This means your body has trouble using insulin properly, which can lead to higher blood sugar levels and higher levels of androgens.

Genetics are also involved. If your mother, sister or aunt has PCOS or had trouble with fertility, irregular periods or excess facial hair, there’s a chance it runs in the family.

It’s also linked to chronic inflammation, which affects how the body responds to hormones, food and stress. Over time, this inflammation can contribute to many symptoms women experience.

Why it matters to get answers

PCOS is more than just a reproductive issue. It’s tied to many long-term health risks, including:

• Type 2 diabetes
• High blood pressure
• High cholesterol
• Infertility
• Sleep disorders
• Anxiety and depression
• Endometrial cancer

That’s why early diagnosis and support matter — not just for managing symptoms today, but for protecting your health for the long run. The good news? While PCOS doesn’t have a cure, it is manageable. And the sooner we understand what’s happening in your body, the sooner we can create a plan that helps you feel more like yourself again.

How PCOS is diagnosed

There’s no single test for PCOS. Diagnosis usually comes from a combination of things, including:

• A discussion of your symptoms and menstrual history
• Bloodwork to check hormone and insulin levels
• A pelvic ultrasound to look for signs of enlarged ovaries or small follicles

If you meet at least two out of these three criteria — irregular periods, signs of high androgens and polycystic ovaries — you may be diagnosed with PCOS.

This process might sound intimidating, but at Tanner Women’s Care, we guide you through each step, help you understand what the results mean and discuss your options.

PCOS FAQs

Is PCOS a serious condition?

Yes and no. It’s not life-threatening on its own, but it can raise your risk for things like diabetes, heart disease and infertility if it’s left unmanaged. That’s why early care matters — not just for your periods or skin, but for your long-term health.

Can I get pregnant if I have PCOS?

Absolutely. PCOS can make it harder to ovulate, but many women with PCOS go on to have healthy pregnancies — sometimes naturally, sometimes with a little help. If having a baby is part of your plan, let us know early so we can guide you.

Will I have PCOS forever?

PCOS doesn’t go away completely, but the symptoms can be appropriately managed. Your body isn’t broken; it needs support in the right areas. And that’s where we come in.

What is the best treatment for PCOS?

There’s no one-size-fits-all approach. Treatment can involve lifestyle changes, medication, or both — depending on your goals. For some women, regulating periods is the focus. For others, it’s managing weight or planning a pregnancy. We create a plan tailored to you.

Do I need to lose weight to “fix” PCOS?

Weight is a factor, but it’s not the whole story — and it’s certainly not a judgment. Even small lifestyle shifts can improve symptoms. The goal isn’t just to “lose weight”; it’s to help your body work better and help you feel better.

Let’s talk

PCOS can be frustrating, confusing and sometimes even scary. But the moment you understand what’s going on and realize there’s a path forward is when things begin to shift.

Whether you're in Carrollton, Villa Rica, Bremen, Wedowee or anywhere nearby, our Tanner Women’s Care team is here to listen, answer your questions and support you with care rooted in science and compassion. You don’t have to keep guessing. You don’t have to go through this alone.

Cancer won’t wait. Neither does Tanner Cancer Care. We’re here for you, so you can be there for them.

Call 770-214-CARE or visit tanner.org/tanner-healthcare-for-women to find a Tanner Women’s Care provider.