Cardiovascular

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair
Detailed information on abdominal aortic aneurysm repair and endovascular aortic aneurysm repair, including the reasons and preparation for the procedures, risks of the procedures, how the procedures are performed, after care, an anatomical illustrations o

Amputation
Detailed information on amputation, including the reasons and preparation for the procedure, risks of the procedure, how the procedure is performed, and after care.

Cardiac Catheterization
Cardiac catheterization is a specialized procedure in which a long, flexible tube (catheter) is inserted into a vein and guided into the heart, allowing a close look at the structures inside.

Carotid Artery Duplex Scan
This scan is a type of ultrasound used to assess the blood flow of the carotid arteries and diagnose carotid artery disease. These arteries are the main blood vessels carrying oxygen to the brain.

Carotid Endarterectomy / Carotid Angioplasty with Stenting Podcast
These procedures are used to treat carotid artery disease. One removes plaque that has built up in an artery. The other inflates a tiny balloon in an artery to compress the plaque.

Chest X-ray
A chest X-ray is used to examine the chest and the organs and structures located in the chest. Chest x-rays may be used to assess the lungs and the heart.

Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery (CABG)
One way to treat blocked or narrowed arteries is to bypass the blocked portion of the coronary artery with another piece of blood vessel.

Dobutamine Stress Echocardiogram
This procedure may be used to assess the heart muscle under stress. Dobutamine is a medication that causes the heart to beat faster and will mimic the effects of exercise on the heart.

Echocardiogram
An echocardiogram can measure heart structures, such as the heart's pumping chambers, the size of the heart itself, and the thickness of the heart walls.

Electrocardiogram
Electrodes are placed on the chest, arms, and legs. When the electrodes are connected to an ECG machine, the electrical activity of the heart is measured and interpreted.

Electrophysiological Studies
An electrophysiological study tests the heart's electrical system. A small, plastic catheter is inserted through a vein in the groin and is threaded into the heart.

Exercise Echocardiogram
Detailed information on exercise echocardiogram, including the reasons and preparation for the procedure, how the procedure is performed, and after care

Exercise Electrocardiogram
An exercise ECG can assess the heart's response to stress or exercise. The ECG is monitored while a person is exercising on a treadmill or stationary bike.

Femoral Popliteal Bypass Surgery
Detailed information on femoral popliteal bypass surgery and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the femoral artery, including the reasons and preparation for the procedures, risks of the procedures, how the procedures are performed, after care, and a

Heart Transplantation
Detailed information on heart transplantation, including the reasons and preparation for the procedure, how the procedure is performed, after care, and an anatomical illustration of the anatomy of the heart, anterior view.

Heart Valve Repair or Replacement Surgery
Detailed information on heart valve repair or replacement surgery, including the reasons and preparation for the procedure, how the procedure is performed, after care, and an anatomic illustration of the valves of the heart.

Holter Monitor
The Holter monitor is a type of electrocardiogram (ECG) used to monitor the ECG tracing continuously for a period of 24 hours or longer.

Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) Insertion
An ICD monitors the heart's electrical activity and responds with either anti-tachycardia pacing or shock therapy to prevent sudden cardiac arrest.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the Heart
Detailed information on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the heart, including the reasons and preparation for the procedure, how the procedure is performed, and after care.

Pacemaker
A pacemaker is a small electronic device implanted in the chest to help regulate electrical problems with the heart.

Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) and Stent Placement
This procedure is performed to open blocked coronary arteries caused by coronary artery disease and to restore blood flow to the heart tissue without open-heart surgery.

Resting Myocardial Perfusion Scan Podcast
A resting myocardial perfusion scan is used to assess the blood flow to the heart muscle (myocardium) and to determine what areas of the myocardium have decreased blood flow.

Signal-Averaged Electrocardiogram
Signal-averaged ECG is one of several procedures used to assess the potential for irregular heart rhythms in certain medical situations.

Tilt Table Procedure
A tilt table procedure may be used to evaluate a person who has symptoms of syncope (fainting). Syncope may occur rarely to frequently, depending on the cause.

Transesophageal Echocardiogram
During this procedure, a transducer is inserted down the esophagus. This provides a clearer image of the heart because the sound waves do not have to pass through skin, muscle, or bone.

Ultrafast Computed Tomography (Ultrafast CT Scan)
Ultrafast CT scans can take multiple images of the heart within the time of a single heartbeat, thus providing much more detail about the heart's function and structures.

Valvuloplasty
In valvuloplasty, a catheter is placed in a heart valve, and a large balloon at the tip of the catheter is inflated until the flaps of the valve are opened.

Vascular Studies
Detailed information on vascular studies, including the reasons and preparation for the procedure, how the procedure is performed, after care, an anatomical illustration of a normal and diseased artery, and an illustration of a carotid artery duplex scan

Venogram
Detailed information on venogram, reasons and preparation for the procedure, risks of the procedure, how the procedure is performed, after care, and anatomical illustrations of the circulation of the legs and deep vein thrombosis.